Abstract: Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) is gradually becoming widely used in the field of ophthalmology because of its ability to provide high-resolution tissue images that are real-time, noninvasive and can be examined in vivo. This article summarizes the application scenarios of intraoperative OCT (iOCT) in a wide range of anterior and posterior segment surgeries, including corneal surgery, cataract surgery, glaucoma surgery and vitreoretinal surgery. iOCT facilitates a profound understanding of intraoperative tissue anatomy, localization, and dynamic changes. It aids surgeons in making informed decisions during surgery, thereby enhancing surgical safety and precision, and fostering the progression of minimally invasive ophthalmic procedures. However, limitations such as expensive equipment, challenges in tracking scanning, and limited imaging field of view restrict its further development and wider application. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2023, 47: 289-295)

Key words: optical coherence tomography, intraoperative OCT, ophthalmic surgery